| The volume and use of computers in the
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| | inventors followed, so that by about
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| world are so great, they have become
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| | 1890, the range of improvements included:
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| difficult to ignore anymore. Computers
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| | Accumulation of partial results, storage
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| appear to us in so many ways that many
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| | and automatic reentry of past results (A
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| times, we fail to see them as they
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| | memory function), and printing of the
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| actually are. People associated with a
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| | results. Each of these required manual
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| computer when they purchased their
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| | installation. These improvements were
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| morning coffee at the vending machine. As
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| | mainly made for commercial users, and not
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| they drove themselves to work, the
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| | for the needs of science.While Thomas of
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| traffic lights that so often hampered us
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| | Colmar was developing the desktop
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| are controlled by computers in an attempt
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| | calculator, a series of very interesting
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| to speed the journey. Accept it or not,
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| | developments in computers was started in
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| the computer has invaded our life.The
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| | Cambridge, England, by Charles Babbage
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| origins and roots of computers started
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| | (of which the computer store "Babbages"
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| out as many other inventions and
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| | is named), a mathematics professor. In
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| technologies have in the past. They
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| | 1812, Babbage realized that many long
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| evolved from a relatively simple idea or
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| | calculations, especially those needed to
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| plan designed to help perform functions
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| | make mathematical tables, were really a
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| easier and quicker. The first basic type
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| | series of predictable actions that were
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| of computers were designed to do just
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| | constantly repeated. From this he
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| that; compute!. They performed basic math
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| | suspected that it should be possible to
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| functions such as multiplication and
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| | do these automatically. He began to
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| division and displayed the results in a
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| | design an automatic mechanical
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| variety of methods. Some computers
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| | calculating machine, which he called a
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| displayed results in a binary
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| | difference engine. By 1822, he had a
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| representation of electronic lamps.
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| | working model to demonstrate. Financial
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| Binary denotes using only ones and zeros
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| | help from the British Government was
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| thus, lit lamps represented ones and
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| | attained and Babbage started fabrication
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| unlit lamps represented zeros. The irony
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| | of a difference engine in 1823. It was
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| of this is that people needed to perform
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| | intended to be steam powered and fully
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| another mathematical function to
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| | automatic, including the printing of the
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| translate binary to decimal to make it
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| | resulting tables, and commanded by a
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| readable to the user.One of the first
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| | fixed instruction program.The difference
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| computers was called ENIAC. It was a
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| | engine, although having limited
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| huge, monstrous size nearly that of a
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| | adaptability and applicability, was
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| standard railroad car. It contained
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| | really a great advance. Babbage
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| electronic tubes, heavy gauge wiring,
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| | continued to work on it for the next 10
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| angle-iron, and knife switches just to
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| | years, but in 1833 he lost interest
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| name a few of the components. It has
| |
| | because he thought he had a better idea;
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| become difficult to believe that
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| | the construction of what would now be
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| computers have evolved into suitcase
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| | called a general purpose, fully
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| sized micro-computers of the
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| | program-controlled, automatic mechanical
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| 1990's.Computers eventually evolved into
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| | digital computer. Babbage called this
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| less archaic looking devices near the end
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| | idea an Analytical Engine. The ideas of
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| of the 1960's. Their size had been
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| | this design showed a lot of foresight,
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| reduced to that of a small automobile and
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| | although this couldn't be appreciated
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| they were processing segments of
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| | until a full century later.The plans for
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| information at faster rates than older
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| | this engine required an identical decimal
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| models. Most computers at this time were
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| | computer operating on numbers of 50
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| termed "mainframes" due to the fact that
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| | decimal digits (or words) and having a
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| many computers were linked together to
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| | storage capacity (memory) of 1,000 such
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| perform a given function. The primary
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| | digits. The built-in operations were
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| user of these types of computers were
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| | supposed to include everything that a
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| military agencies and large corporations
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| | modern general - purpose computer would
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| such as Bell, AT&T, General Electric, and
| |
| | need, even the all important Conditional
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| Boeing. Organizations such as these had
| |
| | Control Transfer Capability that would
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| the funds to afford such technologies.
| |
| | allow commands to be executed in any
|
| However, operation of these computers
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| | order, not just the order in which they
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| required extensive intelligence and
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| | were programmed.As people can see, it
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| manpower resources. The average person
| |
| | took quite a large amount of intelligence
|
| could not have fathomed trying to operate
| |
| | and fortitude to come to the 1990's style
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| and use these million dollar
| |
| | and use of computers. People have assumed
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| processors.The United States was
| |
| | that computers are a natural development
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| attributed the title of pioneering the
| |
| | in society and take them for granted.
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| computer. It was not until the early
| |
| | Just as people have learned to drive an
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| 1970's that nations such as Japan and the
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| | automobile, it also takes skill and
|
| United Kingdom started utilizing
| |
| | learning to utilize a computer.Computers
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| technology of their own for the
| |
| | in society have become difficult to
|
| development of the computer. This
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| | understand. Exactly what they consisted
|
| resulted in newer components and smaller
| |
| | of and what actions they performed were
|
| sized computers. The use and operation of
| |
| | highly dependent upon the type of
|
| computers had developed into a form that
| |
| | computer. To say a person had a typical
|
| people of average intelligence could
| |
| | computer doesn't necessarily narrow down
|
| handle and manipulate without to much
| |
| | just what the capabilities of that
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| ado. When the economies of other nations
| |
| | computer was. Computer styles and types
|
| started to compete with the United
| |
| | covered so many different functions and
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| States, the computer industry expanded at
| |
| | actions, that it was difficult to name
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| a great rate. Prices dropped dramatically
| |
| | them all. The original computers of the
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| and computers became more affordable to
| |
| | 1940's were easy to define their purpose
|
| the average household.Like the invention
| |
| | when they were first invented. They
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| of the wheel, the computer is here to
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| | primarily performed mathematical
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| stay.The operation and use of computers
| |
| | functions many times faster than any
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| in our present era of the 1990's has
| |
| | person could have calculated. However,
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| become so easy and simple that perhaps we
| |
| | the evolution of the computer had created
|
| may have taken too much for granted.
| |
| | many styles and types that were greatly
|
| Almost everything of use in society
| |
| | dependent on a well defined purpose.The
|
| requires some form of training or
| |
| | computers of the 1990's roughly fell into
|
| education. Many people say that the
| |
| | three groups consisting of mainframes,
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| predecessor to the computer was the
| |
| | networking units, and personal computers.
|
| typewriter. The typewriter definitely
| |
| | Mainframe computers were extremely large
|
| required training and experience in order
| |
| | sized modules and had the capabilities of
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| to operate it at a usable and efficient
| |
| | processing and storing massive amounts of
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| level. Children are being taught basic
| |
| | data in the form of numbers and words.
|
| computer skills in the classroom in order
| |
| | Mainframes were the first types of
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| to prepare them for the future evolution
| |
| | computers developed in the 1940's. Users
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| of the computer age.The history of
| |
| | of these types of computers ranged from
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| computers started out about 2000 years
| |
| | banking firms, large corporations and
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| ago, at the birth of the abacus, a wooden
| |
| | government agencies. They usually were
|
| rack holding two horizontal wires with
| |
| | very expensive in cost but designed to
|
| beads strung on them. When these beads
| |
| | last at least five to ten years. They
|
| are moved around, according to
| |
| | also required well educated and
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| programming rules memorized by the user,
| |
| | experienced manpower to be operated and
|
| all regular arithmetic problems can be
| |
| | maintained. Larry Wulforst, in his book
|
| done. Another important invention around
| |
| | Breakthrough to the Computer Age,
|
| the same time was the Astrolabe, used for
| |
| | describes the old mainframes of the
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| navigation.Blaise Pascal is usually
| |
| | 1940's compared to those of the 1990's by
|
| credited for building the first digital
| |
| | speculating, "...the contrast to the
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| computer in 1642. It added numbers
| |
| | sound of the sputtering motor powering
|
| entered with dials and was made to help
| |
| | the first flights of the Wright Brothers
|
| his father, a tax collector. In 1671,
| |
| | at Kitty Hawk and the roar of the mighty
|
| Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz invented a
| |
| | engines on a Cape Canaveral launching
|
| computer that was built in 1694. It could
| |
| | pad". End of part one.Works
|
| add, and, after changing some things
| |
| | CitedWulforst, Harry. Breakthrough to the
|
| around, multiply. Leibnitz invented a
| |
| | Computer Age. New York: Charles
|
| special stopped gear mechanism for
| |
| | Scribner's Sons, 1982.Palferman, Jon and
|
| introducing the addend digits, and this
| |
| | Doron Swade. The Dream Machine. London:
|
| is still being used.The prototypes made
| |
| | BBC Books, 1991.Campbell-Kelly, Martin
|
| by Pascal and Leibnitz were not used in
| |
| | and William Aspray. Computer, A
|
| many places, and considered weird until a
| |
| | History of the Information Machine. New
|
| little more than a century later, when
| |
| | York: BasicBooks, 1996.You may visit
|
| Thomas of Colmar (A.K.A. Charles Xavier
| |
| | and for instant access to over 45,000
|
| Thomas) created the first successful
| |
| | plus term papers and essays. You may
|
| mechanical calculator that could add,
| |
| | have all of these quality papers for only
|
| subtract, multiply, and divide. A lot of
| |
| | $19.95.
|
| improved desktop calculators by many
| |
| |
|
